In Japan, no so-called 'urban lockdown' with a penalty was imposed however, certain directives, such as avoiding unnecessary outings and working remotely from home, were encouraged. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has greatly affected various aspects of our daily life.

This difference could be explained by the COVID-19 pandemic and the introduction of remote teaching. Students' sleep duration increased during weekdays and decreased during weekends in 2020. Ten students were reported to have a delayed sleep phase in 2020. Sleep duration during weekends was shorter in 2020 than in 2019 and longer for male students and students who always do something before going to bed. The other multilevel analysis found sleep duration during weekends to be associated with the survey year, sex and always doing something before going to bed. Moreover, students reported significantly longer sleep duration during weekdays in 2020 than in 2019, but no significant difference in sleep duration was found between 20. Multilevel analysis conducted for the 684 participants who enrolled during 2018–2020 showed that sleep duration during weekdays was associated with the place of stay and survey year. ResultsĪmong the students enrolled in the university, the data of 677 in 2018, 657 in 2019, and 398 in 2020 was available for analysis. For the participants who enrolled in the university during 2018–2020, multilevel analyses of sleep duration during weekdays and weekends across 3 years were conducted, adjusting for sex, grade, place of stay, sleep problems and lifestyle habits. We used data from an ongoing longitudinal sleeping habits survey. The participants were medical students at Aichi Medical University. This study aims to clarify the association between remote teaching and Japanese university students' sleeping habits.

Owing to the imposed restrictions, many educational facilities have introduced remote teaching. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has greatly changed our daily life.

Among the sleep 3 download